Syndikalism ideologi
According to Émile Pouget , a French anarchist and CGT leader, from "the United States, the idea of the general strike — fertilized by the blood of anarchists hanged in Chicago They were able to gain influence, particularly in the bourses du travail , which served as labor exchanges , meeting places for unions, and trades councils and organized in a national federation in From the start, it advocated the general strike and aimed to unite all workers.
Syndicalists formed different kinds of organizations. Revolutionary syndicalism , or more commonly syndicalism with the revolutionary implied, was then adapted to a number of languages by unionists following the French model. In , the bourses merged into the CGT. In , the Industrial Workers of the World were formed in the United States by the Western Federation of Miners , the American Labor Union , and a broad coalition of socialists, anarchists, and labor unionists.
They were involved in the nationwide struggle for an eight-hour day. Syndicalist unions first emerged in Spain and North America in the s, before rising to prominence in France and later emerging on other continents. Some like the French radicals worked within existing unions to infuse them with their revolutionary spirit. In French, a syndicat is a trade union, usually a local union. Proudhon's ideas were popular in the anti-authoritarian wing of the early International Workingmen's Association IWA , the first international socialist organization formed in Its most successful early leader, Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin , came to believe that worker organizations should consider using force to advance their cause, when necessary.
French influence also spread through publications. He and his followers advocated the general strike, rejected electoral politics, and anticipated workers' organizations replacing rule by the state, central syndicalist themes. On 3 May , the police killed three striking workers at a demonstration in Chicago.
Syndicalism is a revolutionary current within the labor movement that seeks to unionize workers according to industry and advance their demands through strikes with the eventual goal of gaining control over the means of production and the economy at large. Pouget, who was active in the CGT, supported the use of sabotage and direct action. Many scholars, including Ralph Darlington , Marcel van der Linden , and Wayne Thorpe, apply syndicalism to a number of organizations or currents within the labor movement that did not identify as syndicalist.
Others, such as Larry Peterson and Erik Olssen , disagree with this broad definition. According to Olssen, this understanding has a "tendency to blur the distinctions between industrial unionism, syndicalism, and revolutionary socialism ". Syndicalism is a revolutionary current within the labour movement that, through industrial unionism , seeks to unionize workers according to industry and advance their demands through strikes and other forms of direct action , with the eventual goal of gaining control over the means of production and the economy at large through social ownership.
Seven policemen and four workers were killed the following day when someone, possibly a police member, threw a bomb into the crowd. The word syndicalism has French origins. French syndicalism and American industrial unionism influenced the rise of syndicalism elsewhere. National Syndicalism is just one of the several varieties of fascism. For example, L'Action directe , a journal mainly for miners in Charleroi , Belgium, urged its readers to follow "the example of our confederated friends of France".
Syndicalist movements were most predominant amongst the socialist movement during the interwar period that preceded the outbreak of World War II. At its peak, it represented millions of workers and competed directly for the hearts and minds of the working class with social democratic unions and parties. Van der Linden and Thorpe use syndicalism to refer to "all revolutionary, direct-actionist organizations".
They apply the label to one big unionists or industrial unionists in North America and Australia, Larkinists named after the Irish ITGWU leader James Larkin in Ireland, and groups that identify as revolutionary industrialists, revolutionary unionists, anarcho-syndicalists , or councilists.
Syndicalism
This includes the Industrial Workers of the World IWW in the United States, which claimed its industrial unionism was "a higher type of revolutionary labor organization than that proposed by the syndicalists". For example, sailors helped establish IWW presences in port cities around the world. Four anarchists were eventually executed for allegedly conspiring to the events. Revolutionary industrial unionism, part of syndicalism in the broader sense, originated with the IWW in the United States and then caught on in other countries.
By extension, the French syndicalisme refers to trade unionism in general.
Syndikalism
Peterson proposes the broader category revolutionary industrial unionism to encompass syndicalism, groups like the IWW and the OBU, and others. Darlington proposes that syndicalism be defined as "revolutionary trade unionism". A syndicate is a self organizing group working towards a shared interest. Its base was mostly in the Western United States, where labor conflicts were most violent and workers therefore radicalized. The Haymarket Affair , as these events became known, led anarchists and labor organizers, including syndicalists, in both the United States and Europe to re-evaluate the revolutionary meaning of the general strike.
In Bert Altena's view, a number of movements in Europe can be called syndicalist, even before According to the English social historian E. Thompson and the anarcho-syndicalist theorist Rudolf Rocker , there were syndicalist tendencies in Britain's labor movement as early as the s. However, even that variety isn't at all inspired in Marxism, but rather in the unorthodox revolutionary syndicalism of Georges Sorel, who had a very complicate relationship with the mainstream socialism of his time and certainly wasn't a normal Marxist.
The corresponding words in Spanish and Portuguese, sindicato , and Italian, sindacato , are similar. He coined capitalist to describe the political class granting itself monopolies on the use of capital, and wanted workers to oppose this state control through peaceful means, only using force defensively. Journals and newspapers in a number of countries advocated syndicalism.